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Latin name	Forestiera shrevei Standl.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MW MC SW North America (USA: Arizona, Mexico)
North America distribution zone	MW MC SW
Height	[S]
Foliage	E
Ecology	xer
Use
Synonym	Forestiera phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr. Piptolepsis phillyreoides Benth.
English name	desertolive forestiera; desert-olive, desert-olive forestiera, wild-olive
French name	forestiéra de Shreve; forestiéra à feuille glabre
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fouquieria Kunth
Family	Fouquieriaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Idria Kellogg
English name	fouquieria; boojum tree
French name	fouquiérie; ocotilla
Spanish name	cirio, civio; ocotillo, palo Adán (Mexico); palo de adou, torote verbe
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fouquieria columnaris (Kellogg) Kellogg ex Curran
Family	Fouquieriaceae
Distribution	MW SW SC North America (USA: Arizona, California; Mexico: Baja California, Sonora)
North America distribution zone	MW SW SC
Height	M[L]
Foliage	D
Ecology	xer
Use
Synonym	Idria columnaris Kellogg
English name	boojumtree fouquieria; boojum tree (Mexico)
French name	fouquiérie columnaire
Spanish name	cirio (Mexico)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fouquieria diguetii (Tiegh.) I.M.Johnst.
Family	Fouquieriaceae
Distribution	MW SW SC North America (USA: California; Mexico: Baja California, Sonora)
North America distribution zone	MW SW SC
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	xer
Use
Synonym	Fouquieria peninsularis Nash
English name	Diguet fouquieria
French name	fouquiérie de Diguet
Spanish name	ocotillo, palo adán (Mexico)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fouquieria macdougalii Nash
Family	Fouquieriaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Sonora, Sinaloa)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	S[M]
Foliage	D
Ecology	xer
Use	ma (bark used as substitute for soap)
Synonym
English name	MacDougal fouquieria; tree ocotillo (USA)
French name	fouquiérie de MacDougal
Spanish name	chimulé, chunari, cunari, jaboncillo, paloverde, torote espinosa, torote verde, torotillo (Mexico)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Frangula Mill.
Family	Rhamnaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Rhamnus L. p.p.
English name	frangula
French name	frangula
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Frangula betulifolia (Greene) Grubov
Family	Rhamnaceae
Distribution	MW MC North America (USA: Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas)
North America distribution zone	MW MC
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	birchleaf frangula
French name	frangula à feuilles de bouleau
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Frangula betulifolia (Greene) Grubov ssp. betulifolia
Family	Rhamnaceae
Distribution	MW MC SC North America M (USA: Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas; Mexico: Sonora to Tamaulipas)
North America distribution zone	MW MC SC
Height	S
Foliage	D E
Ecology	mes
Use	fr
Synonym	Rhamnus betulifolia Greene
English name	typical birchleaf frangula; birchleaf buckthorn; cascara
French name	frangula à feuilles de bouleau typique; cascara, nerprun à feuilles de bouleau
Spanish name	cascara
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray
Family	Rhamnaceae
Distribution	MW MC North America (USA: Oregon, California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico; Mexico: Baja California)
North America distribution zone	MW MC
Height	[S]
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	California frangula; Californian buckhorn, coffee-berry
French name	frangula de Californie; arbre au café sauvage; nerprun de Californie
Spanish name
Other name	Kalifornischer Kreuzdorn (german); ramno di California (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray ssp. californica
Family	Rhamnaceae
Distribution	MW North America (USA: California; Mexico: Baja California)
North America distribution zone	MW
Height	[S]
Foliage	D E
Ecology
Use	fr
Synonym	Rhamnus californica Eschsch.
English name	typical California frangula; California buckthorn, California coffeeberry, Californian buckthorn, coast coffeeberry, coffeeberry, pigeonberry
French name	frangula de Californie typique; arbre au café sauvage, nerprun de Californie
Spanish name
Other name	Kalifornischer Kreuzdorn (german); ramno di California (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A.Gray
Family	Rhamnaceae
Distribution	MC ME SC SE North America (USA: Nebraska to Connecticut, Texas to Florida; Mexico: Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
North America distribution zone	MC ME SC SE
Height	M
Foliage	D
Ecology	mes
Use	fd fr pl
Synonym	Rhamnus caroliniana var. mollis Fernald Rhamnus carolinianus Walter Rhamnus caroliniana Walter
English name	Carolina frangula; Carolina buckthorn; Indian cherry (USA); Indian-cherry, tree buckthorn, yellow buckthorn, yellowwood
French name	frangula de la Caroline; nerprun de Caroline
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper
Family	Rhamnaceae
Distribution	MW MC North America (Canada: British Columbia; USA: Oregon to Montana to California)
North America distribution zone	MW MC
Height	M
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel mes->xer? sci
Use	dr (bark) dr(ob) (laxative, purgative, tonic) fr (pulp, stone) ma (dye) pl ti (turned work) tx (pulp, stone)
Synonym	Rhamnus purshiana DC.
English name	cascara frangula; bayberry, bear berry, bear wood (Canada, USA); bearberry, bearwood; bitter bark (Canada, USA); bitterbark, buckthorn, Canadian buckthorn; cascara, cascara buckthorn, cascara sagrada (Canada, USA); chittam-bark, chittam; chittern, chittim, coffee berry, coffee bush, coffee tree (Canada, USA); coffeetree, holybark, Persian bark; pigeon berry (Canada, USA); sacred-bark-buckthorn; wahoo, wild coffee, yellow wood (Canada, USA)
French name	frangula cascara; cascara, écorce sacrée (Canada); nerprun cascara; nerprun de Pursh (Canada)
Spanish name
Other name	Purshs Kreuzdorn (german); cascara (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Franklinia Bartram ex Marshall
Family	Theaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	franklinia
French name	franklinia
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Franklinia alatamaha Bartram ex Marshall
Family	Theaceae
Distribution	ME North America (USA: Alabama, Georgia)
North America distribution zone	ME
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	ex pl (ornamental)
Use
Synonym	Gordonia alatamaha (Bartram) Sarg. Gordonia pubescens L'Hér.
English name	Alatamaha franklinia; franklinia; Franklintree (USA)
French name	franklinia d'Alatamaha; franklinia
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus L.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	ash
French name	frêne
Spanish name	búfano (Cuba); demeltza, escobilla, fresnillo, fresno, paramu, plumero (Mexico)
Other name	agimak (otchipwe, Canada); akimasku (montagnais, Canada); araq (yupik, Alaska); Esche (german); frassino, freixo (italian); gawâkomij, papagimak (otchipwe, Canada); peluq, qamlleq (yupik, Alaska); wissagak (otchipwe, Canada)
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus americana L.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	N M SE North America (Canada: Ontario to Nova Scotia; USA: Minnesota to Maine, Colorado and Texas to Florida) int MW SC South America (Peru, Argentina) and MW Eurasia (Russian Federation)
North America distribution zone	NW NC NE MW MC ME SE
Height	L
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel [sci] [xer] mes [acid] neut
Use	dr(ob) (syrup) fr fw ma(ob) (dye) pl (ornamental) ti (agricultural implements, automobile parts, barrels, baseball bats and other sporting and athletic equipment, boat building, boat oars, boxes, cabinet work, chair manufacture, cooperage, extensively used for ladders, fork and shovel handles, furniture, handles, hockey sticks, snowshoes framing, turned work)
Synonym	Fraxinus alba Marshall Fraxinus americana var. alba (Marshall) Castigl. Fraxinus americana var. biltmoreana (Beadle) J.Wright ex Fernald Fraxinus americana var. crassifolia Sarg. Fraxinus americana var. curtissii (Vasey) Small Fraxinus americana var. juglandifolia (Lam) Rehder Fraxinus americana var. microcarpa A.Gray Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle Fraxinus epiptera Michx. Fraxinus juglandifolia Lam. Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam.
English name	white ash; American ash, Biltmore ash, Biltmore white ash, Canadian ash, Canadian white ash, cane ash; green ash (New Foundland); ground ash (Canada); hoop ash?, mountain ash (New Foundland); Nova-Scotia ash, Quebec ash, red ash p.p., small seed white ash, swamp ash?
French name	frêne blanc; franc frêne, franc-frêne (Canada); frêne blanc d'Amérique; frêne d'Amérique (Canada)
Spanish name	fresno
Other name	Amerikanishe Weissesche (german); frassino bianco americano (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Watson
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MW MC North America (USA: California to Colorado, Arizona; Mexico: Sonora)
North America distribution zone	MW MC
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel xer
Use
Synonym	Fraxinus anomala var. triphylla Jones
English name	singleleaf ash; dwarf ash, Utah ash
French name	frêne à feuilles simples; frêne à une feuille
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Watson ssp. anomala
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MW MC North America (USA: California to Colorado, Arizona; Mexico: Sonora)
North America distribution zone	MW MC
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	typical singleleaf ash; singleleaf ash typical
French name	frêne à feuilles simples typique
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus anomala ssp. lowellii (Sarg.) Little
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MW MC North America (USA: Arizona)
North America distribution zone	MW MC
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel xer
Use
Synonym	Fraxinus anomala ssp. lowellii (Sarg.) E.Murray Fraxinus lowellii Sarg.
English name	Lowell singleleaf ash; Lowell ash
French name	frêne à feuilles simples de Lowell
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus berlandierana A.DC.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MC SC North America (USA: Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; Mexico: Chihuahua, Durango to Tamaulipas)
North America distribution zone	MC SC
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	mes
Use	pl ti
Synonym	Fraxinus viridis var. berlandierana Torr.
English name	Berlandier ash; Mexican ash
French name	frêne de Berlandier
Spanish name	fresno?
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus caroliniana Mill.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MC ME SE North America (USA: Texas to Virginia to Florida)
North America distribution zone	MC ME SE
Height	M
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel hyg->mes
Use
Synonym	Fraxinus caroliniana ssp. cubensis (Griseb.) Borhidi Fraxinus caroliniana var. cubensis (Griseb.) Lingelsh. Fraxinus caroliniana var. oblonceolata (M.A.Curtis) Fernald & Schub. Fraxinus cubensis Griseb. Fraxinus floridana (Wenz.) Sarg. Fraxinus pauciflora Nutt. Fraxinus platycarpa Michx. Fraxinus viridis var. berlandieri Griseb. non A.Gray non A.DC.
English name	Carolina ash; Arkansas ash, Florida ash, pop ash, swamp ash, water ash
French name	frêne de la Caroline; frêne des marais
Spanish name	búfano (Cuba)
Other name	frassino della Carolina (italian); Karoline-Esche, Sumpfesche (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus cuspidata Torr.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MW MC SC North America (USA: Arizona to Texas; Mexico)
North America distribution zone	MW MC SC
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	xer
Use
Synonym	Fraxinus cuspidata var. macropetala (Eastw.) Rehder Fraxinus macropetala Eastw. Ornus cuspidata (Torr.) Niewl.
English name	fragrant ash; flowering ash
French name	frêne odorant
Spanish name	fresno
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus dipetala Hook & Arn.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MW North America (USA: California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona; Mexico: N Baja California)
North America distribution zone	MW
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	mes->xer
Use
Synonym	Fraxinus dipetala var. trifoliolata Torr. Fraxinus trifoliolata (Torr.) Lewis & Epling non W.W.Sm.
English name	twopetal ash; California flowering ash, California shrub ash, Californian ash, flowering ash p.p., foothill ash, fringe-flower ash, fringe-flowered ash, mountain ash, two-petal ash
French name	frêne à deux pétales
Spanish name	fresno
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus gooddingii Little
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MW North America (USA: Arizona; Mexico: NE Sonora)
North America distribution zone	MW
Height	S
Foliage	D[E]
Ecology	xer
Use
Synonym
English name	Goodding ash
French name	frêne de Goodding
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus greggii A.Gray
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MC SC North America (USA: Arizona to Texas; Mexico)
North America distribution zone	MC SC
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	mes->xer
Use	fr fw
Synonym	Fraxinus schiedeana var. parvifolia Torr.
English name	Gregg ash; dogleg ash, little leaved ash, littleleaf ash
French name	frêne de Gregg
Spanish name	barreta china, escobilla
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus latifolia Benth.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MW North America (USA: Oregon to California)
North America distribution zone	MW
Height	L
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel hyg->xer
Use	fr fw pl ti
Synonym	Fraxinus oregona Nutt. Fraxinus pennsylvanica ssp. oregona (Nutt.) G.N.Mill. Fraxinus pennsylvanica ssp. oregona (Wesm.) G.N.Mill.
English name	Oregon ash
French name	frêne de l'Oregon; frêne à larges feuilles
Spanish name
Other name	Oregon-Esche (german); frassino dell'Oregon (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus nigra Marshall
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MC ME North America (Canada: Manitoba to Newfoundland; USA: North Dakota to Maine to Kentucky)
North America distribution zone	MC ME
Height	L
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel sci? hyg->[xer] acid
Use	dr fr ma (potash) pl ti (battledore, boxes, cabinet work, crates, furniture making especially parts requiring steam bending, interior paneling, interior trim) ti(ob) (Amerindian weaved basket, barrel hoop, Quebecors ancestors weaved chair seats)
Synonym	Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam.
English name	black ash; American ash; basket ash (USA); brown ash (Canada, USA); Canadian ash; hoop ash, splinter ash (USA); swamp ash (Canada, USA); water ash (USA); white ash p.p.
French name	frêne noir; frêne à feuilles de sureau; frêne de grève, frêne gras (Canada)
Spanish name	fresno
Other name	frassino nero (italian); Schwarzesche (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh.
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MC SC North America (USA: Arizona to Texas; Mexico: Sonora, Chihuahua)
North America distribution zone	MC SC
Height	?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	Chihuahua ash
French name	frêne de Chihuahua
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	N M SC SE North America (Canada: Alberta to Nova Scotia; USA: Montana to Maine, Utah to Texas to Florida) int MW South America (Peru) and N M Eurasia (MW Europe, former USSR)
North America distribution zone	NW NC NE MW MC ME SC SE
Height	M[L]
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel [sci] hyg->mes
Use	fr (leave, twig) ma (a red dye from the bark, potash from ashes) pl ti
Synonym	Fraxinus americana ssp. pennsylvanica Wesm. Fraxinus campestris Britton Fraxinus concolor Mühl. Fraxinus darlingtonii Britton Fraxinus juglandifolia var. subintegerrima Vahl Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. austini Fernald Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. integerrima (Vahl) Fernald Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fernald Fraxinus pubescens Lam. Fraxinus smallii Britton Fraxinus viridis F.Michx. non S.Watson
English name	red ash; American ash, Canadian ash, Darlington ash, gray ash, green ash, rim ash, river ash, soft ash, swamp ash, water ash, white ash p.p.
French name	frêne rouge; frêne, frêne d'Austin; frêne de Pennsylvanie, frêne de rivage (Canada); frêne de savane, frêne pubescent p.p., frêne rouge d'Amérique, frêne vert
Spanish name
Other name	Amerikanische Grauesche (german); frassino di Pensilvania (italian); Rotesche (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush
Family	Oleaceae
Distribution	MC ME SE North America (USA: Michigan to New York, Louisiana to Florida)
North America distribution zone	MC ME SE
Height	L
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel sci hyg [xer]
Use	fr ti
Synonym	Fraxinus americana var. profunda Bush Fraxinus michauxii Britton Fraxinus tomentosa F.Michx.
English name	pumpkin ash; red ash p.p.
French name	frêne pubescent
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name