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Latin name	Abies durangensis Martínez
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (N Mexico)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	hyg
Use
Synonym
English name	Durango fir
French name	sapin de Durango
Spanish name	oyamel
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies durangensis var. coahuilensis (I.M.Johnst.) Martínez
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (N Mexico)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Abies coahuilensis I.M.Johnst.
English name	Coahuila Durango fir; Coahuila fir
French name	sapin de Durango de Coahuila
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies durangensis Martínez var. durangensis
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (N Mexico)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L?
Foliage	E
Ecology	hyg?
Use
Synonym
English name	typical Durango fir
French name	sapin de Durango typique
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	ME North America (USA: Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina) int MW Eurasia (UK)
North America distribution zone	ME
Height	M[L]
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci->hel hyg mes acid calc
Use	cl ex (of conservation concern) fd fr ma (resin) pl sa
Synonym	Abies balsamea var. fraseri (Pursh) Spach Abies humilis Bach. Pyl. Pinus fraseri Pursh
English name	Fraser fir; balsam, balsam fir p.p., doublebalsam fir, eastern fir, Fraser balsam fir, Fraser’s fir, she-balsam, southern balsam fir p.p., southern fir
French name	sapin de Fraser; sapin Fraser
Spanish name
Other name	abete di Fraser (italian); Frasers Tanne (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D.Don) Lindl.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	NW MW MC North America (Canada: British Columbia, USA: Washington, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, N California) int MW Eurasia (UK to Italy)
North America distribution zone	NW MW MC
Height	G
Foliage	E
Ecology	hyg->mes sci->hel
Use	cl dr(ob) (baby powder made from drayed and pounded needles) fr ma(ob) (pink dye extracted from the bark) pl pp sa ti (board, boxes, dinghy, general construction, lumber, poles) ti(ob) (canoes)
Synonym	Abies amabilis A.Murray bis non Forbes Abies excelsior Franco Abies gordoniana Carrière Abies grandis (Lamb.) Lindl. Pinus grandis Dougl. ex D.Don
English name	grand fir; balsam, balsam fir p.p., giant fir; larch(ob) (Canada); lowland balsam fir; lowland fir, lowland white fir (Canada); silver fir, Vancouver fir, western white fir, white fir p.p., yellow fir
French name	sapin grandissime; sapin blanc, sapin de Californie, sapin de l’Oregon; sapin de Vancouver (Canada); sapin élancé, sapin géant
Spanish name
Other name	abete bianco americano, abete dell’Oregon, abete di Vancouver, abete gigante (italian); Grosse Küstentanne, Küstentanne, Riesentanne (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Abies guatemalensis Rehder
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (Mexico to Honduras)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	mes acid
Use	cl (Christmas trees and decoration) dr ex fw (firewood) ma (bark for tannin, oleoresins) pl pp sa ti (furniture, rural construction, sawing, shingle)
Synonym	Abies guatemalensis var. jaliscana Martínez Abies religiosa sensu Parl.
English name	Guatemala fir; Guatemalan fir
French name	sapin du Guatemala
Spanish name	abeto, abeto guatemalteco, pinabete, pinbete
Other name	Guatemalatanne (german); pajachac, pashac, pashaque, paxaque (Guatemala)
Trade name

Latin name	Abies guatemalensis Rehder var. guatemalensis
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	mes? acid?
Use	dr ex ma pl pp sa ti
Synonym
English name	typical Guatemala fir
French name	sapin du Guatemala typique
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies guatemalensis var. longibracteata Debreczy & I.Rácz
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Guerrero near Yextla)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L?
Foliage
Ecology
Use	ex (full protection is needed)
Synonym
English name	longbract Guatemala fir
French name	sapin du Guatemala à bractées longues
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies guatemalensis var. tacanensis (Lundell) Martínez
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SE North America (El Salvador)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L?
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Abies tacanensis Lundell
English name	Tacaná Guatemala fir
French name	sapin du Guatemala du Tacaná
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies hickelii Flous & Gaussen
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Abies hickeli Flous & Gaussen
English name	Hickel fir
French name	sapin de Hickel
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies hickelii Flous & Gaussen var. hickelii
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	typical Hickel fir
French name	sapin de Hickel typique
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies hickelii var. oaxacana (Martínez) Farjon & Silba
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Oaxaca and Guerrero)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Abies oaxacana Martínez
English name	Oaxaca Hickel fir
French name	sapin de Hickel d'Oaxaca
Spanish name	abeto, oyamel
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies hidalgensis Debreczy, I.Rácz & Guízar
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (C Mexico: E Hidalgo N of Metepec)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	M
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use	cl (proposed for conservation)
Synonym
English name	Hidalgo fir
French name	sapin de Hidalgo
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	NW MW North America (USA: Alaska, Washington to California, Canada: Yukon Territory, British Columbia) int NW MW Eurasia (Iceland, Sweden, UK)
North America distribution zone	NW MW
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci [hel] hyg->[xer] calc acid
Use	dr(ob) (Amerindians chewed resin to clean teeth and used needles to make baby powder, perfume and ointment and to sweeten the air) fr (bark for deer family) fw (fuel) ma(ob) (resin used to repair canoes) pl pp sa (watersheds and landscape protection and rehabilitation) ti (boxes, construction, crates, doors, food containers, framing, mill products, planing, shingle board)
Synonym	Abies balsamea ssp. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Boivin Abies balsamea var. fallax (Engelm.) Boivin Abies lasiocarpa Lindl. & Gordon Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. var. lasiocarpa Pinus lasiocarpa Hook.
English name	subalpine fir; alpine fir (Canada); balsam, balsam fir p.p., caribou fir, corkbark fir, mountain fir; Rocky Mountain fir (Canada); sweet-pine, typical subalpine fir, western balsam; western balsam fir (Canada); white balsam, white balsam fir, white fir p.p.
French name	sapin subalpin; sapin blanc d'Amérique; sapin concolore p.p.(Canada); sapin des Alpes, sapin des montagnes, sapin des Montagnes Rocheuses (Canada); sapin subalpin typique
Spanish name	pino real blanco, pino real blanco de las sierras
Other name	abete delle rocce, abete subalpino (italian); Felsengebirgstanne, Felsentanne (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Abies lowiana (Gordon) A.Murray bis
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	MW North America (USA: California and Nevada)
North America distribution zone	MW
Height	G
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use	pl pp ti
Synonym	Abies concolor ssp. lowiana (Gordon) E.Murray Abies concolor var. lowiana (Gordon) Lemmon Picea lowiana Gordon
English name	Low fir; California white fir, Low’s fir, Lows fir, Pacific white fir, sierra fir, sierra white fir
French name	sapin de Low; sapin concolore de Low
Spanish name
Other name	abete di Low (italian); Lows Tanne, Sierra-Tanne (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Abies lowiana var. viridula Debreczy & I.Rácz
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Chihuahua near Ciudad Madera)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L?
Foliage
Ecology
Use	ex (important to preserve)
Synonym
English name	greenish Low fir
French name	sapin de Low verdâtre
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies magnifica A.Murray bis
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	MW North America (USA: Oregon, California, Nevada) int MW Eurasia (Europe)
North America distribution zone	MW
Height	L[G]
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci->hel hyg->xer sili
Use	fr ma pl pp ti (similar to and substituted for noble fir, lumber)
Synonym	Abies campylocarpa A.Murray bis Abies nobilis var. magnifica Kellogg Abies nobilis var. magnifica Mast.
English name	red fir; California red fir (USA); golden fir, Shasta fir, Shasta red fir, silver tip, silvertip, white fir p.p.
French name	sapin rouge; sapin magnifique, sapin majestueux, sapin rouge de Californie
Spanish name
Other name	abete rosso di California (italian); Goldtanne, Prächtige Tanne (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Abies neodurangensis Debreczy, I.Rácz & R.M.Salazar
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: SW Durango near Los Bancos)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use	ex (proposed for conservation)
Synonym
English name	newDurango fir
French name	sapin neodurangensis
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies procera Rehder
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	MW North America (USA: Washington to California) int MW Eurasia (Ireland to Germany)
North America distribution zone	MW
Height	G
Foliage	E
Ecology	hel [hyg] mes calc sili
Use	cl (magic) pl sa ti (used in aircraft)
Synonym	Abies nobilis (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl. Pinus nobilis Douglas ex D.Don
English name	noble fir; red fir p.p., white fir p.p. (USA)
French name	sapin noble; sapin bleu, sapin de l’Oregon
Spanish name
Other name	abete bianco americano, abete nobile (italian); Edeltanne (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (Mexico, Guatemala) int MW Eurasia (UK)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	L[G]
Foliage	E
Ecology	hyg sili
Use	cl pl pp
Synonym	Abies glauca Roezl Abies glaucescens Roezl Abies hirtella Lindl. Abies religiosa Lindl. Abies tlapalcatuda Roezl ex DC. Picea glaucescens Gordon Picea religiosa Loudon Pinus hirtella Kunth Pinus religiosa Kunth
English name	sacred fir; Mexican fir
French name	sapin sacré; sapin sacré du Mexique
Spanish name	abeto, oyamel (Mexico)
Other name	abete messicano (italian); Heilige Tanne (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Abies religiosa var. emarginata Loock & Martínez
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Jalisco and Michoacán) int SC SE Africa
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	hyg
Use	ti
Synonym
English name	emarginate sacred fir
French name	sapin sacré émarginé
Spanish name	oyamel
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies religiosa var. glaucescens (Gordon) Carr
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Abies glaucescens Gordon
English name	glaucescens sacred fir
French name	sapin sacré glaucescent
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. var. religiosa
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (Mexico, Guatemala)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	L[G]?
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	typical sacred fir
French name	sapin sacré typique
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies vejari Martínez
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico) int MW Eurasia (UK)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	hyg->mes
Use	pl
Synonym	Abies vejari var. macrocarpa Martínez
English name	Vejar fir
French name	sapin de Vejar
Spanish name	abeto, oyamel
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies vejari var. mexicana (Martínez) Liu
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	MW MC S North America (Mexico)
North America distribution zone	MW MC SW SC SE
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	hyg
Use
Synonym	Abies mexicana Martínez
English name	Mexican Vejar fir; Mexican fir
French name	sapin de Vejar du Mexique
Spanish name	abeto, guallamé blanco, oyamel, pinabete
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies vejari Martínez var. vejari
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	typical Vejar fir
French name	sapin de Vejar typique
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abies zapotekensis Debreczy, I.Rácz & G.S.Ramírez
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Oaxaca near Portillo)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	M
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use	ex (rare species important to preserve)
Synonym
English name	Zapotecs fir
French name	sapin des Zapotèques
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abuta Aubl.
Family	Menispermaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Anelasma Miers Batschia Mutis ex Thunb. Gardnerianum Miers Trichoa Pers.
English name	abuta
French name	abuta
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abuta panamensis (Standl.) Krukoff & Barneby
Family	Menispermaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (Mexico to Panama)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	[S]
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Hyperbaena panamensis Standl.
English name	Panama abuta
French name	abuta du Panama
Spanish name	bejuco prieto (Mexico)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Abutilon Mill.
Family	Malvaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Abutilaea F.Muell. Beloere Shuttlew. ex A.Gray Herissantia Medik. Pseudabutilon R.E.Fr.
English name	abutilon; Indian-mallow
French name	abutilon
Spanish name
Other name	abutilon (italian); Abutilon, Schönmalve (german)
Trade name