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Latin name	Tournefortia johnstonii Standl.
Family	Boraginaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	Johnston tournefortia
French name	tournefortia de Johnston
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tournefortia longiloba D.N.Gibson
Family	Boraginaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Guatemala)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology	hyg
Use
Synonym
English name	longlobe tournefortia
French name	tournefortia à lobes longs
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tournefortia maculata Jacq.
Family	Boraginaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico) South America (general)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M
Foliage
Ecology
Use	dr
Synonym	Tournefortia paniculata Cham. Tournefortia peruviana Poir. Tournefortia volubilis L.
English name	spotted tournefortia
French name	tournefortia maculé
Spanish name
Other name	mai-pan (maya, Belize)
Trade name

Latin name	Tournefortia petiolaris DC.
Family	Boraginaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (Mexico: Chiapas; Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology	hyg->xer
Use
Synonym	Tournefortia nelsonii Donn.Sm.
English name	petiolate tournefortia
French name	tournefortia pétiolé
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tournefortia staminea Griseb.
Family	Boraginaceae
Distribution	SE North America (end Jamaica)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology	calc
Use
Synonym
English name	staminal tournefortia
French name	tournefortia staminé
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tovomita Aubl.
Family	Guttiferae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Marialva Vand. Marialvaea Mart. Tovomitidium Ducke
English name	tovomita
French name	tovomita
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tovomita longifolia (Rich.) Hochr.
Family	Guttiferae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) N M South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	M
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Clusia longifolia Rich. Micranthera clusioides Choisy Tovomita choisyana Planch. & Triana Tovomita richardiana Planch. & Triana
English name	longleaf tovomita
French name	tovomita à feuilles longues
Spanish name	cupi, hiel de agua dulce (Venezuela); mangle dulce (Costa Rica); mangle negro (Venezuela)
Other name	wakamiyek (arecuna, Venezuela)
Trade name

Latin name	Tovomita plumieri Griseb.
Family	Guttiferae
Distribution	SE North America (Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	M
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci hyg
Use
Synonym	Tovomita martinicensis Vesque
English name	Plumier tovomita
French name	tovomita de Plumier; mang rouge, mangle-bois, mangue rouge, paletuvier, paletuvier montagne, paletuvier rouge, palétuvier-grand bois
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tovomita stylosa Hemsl.
Family	Guttiferae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) N M South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	M
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Tovomita membranifolia Standl. Tovomita pauciflora Cuatrec. Tovomitopsis membranifolia (Standl.) D'Arcy
English name	prominentstyle tovomita
French name	tovomita à style proéminent
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tovomita weddelliana Planch. & Triana
Family	Guttiferae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) N MW MC South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Clusia oblanceolata Rusby Clusia pithecobia Standl. Tovomita angustata Steyerm. Tovomita coriacea Maguire Tovomita glossophylla Cuatrec. Tovomita lanceolata Cuatrec. Tovomita ligulata Cuatrec. Tovomita longicuneata Engl. Tovomita rhizophoroides Cuatrec. Tovomita sphenophylla Diels
English name	Weddell tovomita
French name	tovomita de Weddell
Spanish name	mangle de montana (Ecuador)
Other name	acami-yek (arecuna, Venezuela)
Trade name

Latin name	Tovomitopsis Planch. & Triana
Family	Guttiferae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	tovomitopsis
French name	tovomitopsis
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tovomitopsis nicaraguensis Oerst., Planch. & Triana
Family	Guttiferae
Distribution	SE North America (Belize to Panama) NW South America (Colombia, Ecuador: Coast)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage
Ecology
Use	ti
Synonym	Chrysochlamys nicaraguensis (Oerst., Planch. & Triana) Hemsl. Chrysochlamys pauciflora Standl. Chrysochlamys standleyana L.O.Williams Tovomita nicaraguensis (Oerst., Planch. & Triana) L.O.Williams Tovomitopsis standleyana (L.O.Williams) D'Arcy
English name	Nicaragua tovomitopsis
French name	tovomitopsis du Nicaragua
Spanish name	uvita (Costa Rica)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Toxicodendron Mill.
Family	Anacardiaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Philostemon Raf. Pocophorum Neck. Rhus L. p.p. Vernix Adans.
English name	poisonsumac; poison-sumac, toxicodendron
French name	toxicodendron
Spanish name
Other name	Toxicodendron (german); toxicodendron (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Toxicodendron pubescens Mill.
Family	Anacardiaceae
Distribution	ME SC SE North America (USA: Iowa to New Hampshire, Texas to Florida; Mexico)
North America distribution zone	ME SC SE
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Rhus acutiloba Turcz. Rhus toxicarium Salisb. Rhus toxicodendron L. Toxicodendron quercifolium (Michx.) Green Toxicodendron toxicarium Gillis Toxicodendron toxicodendron (L.) Britton
English name	pubescent poisonsumac; Atlantic poison-oak (USA); common poison ivy; earstern poison-oak (USA); poison ivy, poison oak
French name	toxicodendron vénéneux; arbre à gale, arbre à poison, sumac toxique, sumac vénéneux
Spanish name
Other name	Echter Giftsumach, Gifteiche, Giftiger Efeu (german); sommacco tossico (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze
Family	Anacardiaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (Mexico: Chiapas to Panama) South America (general)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M
Foliage
Ecology
Use	dr ex (because toxic) fr ti tx (poisonous sap causes severe cutaneous eruptions, resin)
Synonym	Rhus juglandifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Rhus juglandifolia var. lindeniana (Turcz.) Engl. Rhus juglandifolia var. samo (Tul.) Engl. Rhus lindeniana Turcz. Rhus samo Tul. Rhus striata Ruiz & Pav. Rhus striatum Ruiz & Pav.
English name	striated poisonsumac
French name	toxicodendron strié
Spanish name	ajicito (Colombia); aluvillo (Ecuador); biente veo (Honduras); caracho, caspi, caspi-caracho, caspicaracho, chiraco, compadre, compadre chicaro, compadre chiraco, fresno (Colombia); hinchado (Honduras); hinchador (Costa Rica, Panama); maico (Peru); manzanillo (Colombia); palo compadre, palo de hubro (Honduras); Pedro Hernandez, pedrohernandez (Colombia); sarnilla (Honduras)
Other name	incati, itil (Peru)
Trade name

Latin name	Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze
Family	Anacardiaceae
Distribution	MC ME SE North America (Canada: S Ontario, S Quebec; USA: Minnesota to Maine, E Texas to Florida) int MW Eurasia (former USSR)
North America distribution zone	MC ME SE
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology	hyg
Use	fr ma(ob) (fruits give wax, ink, varnish) pl (ornamental) tx (all parts of the tree are toxic, dermatitis)
Synonym	Rhus venenata DC. Rhus vernix L.
English name	true poisonsumac; poison-dogwood, poison-elder, poison-elderberry, poison-oak, poison-sumac, swamp sumac, thunderwood
French name	toxicodendron à vernis; bois-chandelle, sumac à vernis, sumac lustré, sumac vénéneux
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Toxosiphon Baill.
Family	Rutaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Erythrochiton Nees & Mart.
English name	toxosiphon
French name	toxosiphon
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Toxosiphon lindenii Baill.
Family	Rutaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Erythrochiton lindeni Planch. Erythrochiton lindenii (Baill.) Hemsl.
English name	Linden toxosiphon
French name	toxosiphon de Linden
Spanish name	pata de yanke (Nicaragua)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trattinnickia Willd.
Family	Burseraceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	trattinnickia
French name	trattinnickia
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trattinnickia aspera (Standl.) Sw.
Family	Burseraceae
Distribution	SE North America (Nicaragua to Panama) NW MW MC South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel
Use	fr
Synonym	Protium asperum Standl. Trattinickia barbourii Little
English name	rough trattinnickia
French name	trattinnickia rugueux
Spanish name	caraña, caraño (Costa Rica)
Other name	ampó (Colombia)
Trade name

Latin name	Trattinnickia lawrancei Standl. ex Swart
Family	Burseraceae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) N M South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd. Trattinnickia rhoifolia var. lancifolia Cuatrec.
English name	Lawrance trattinnickia
French name	trattinnickia de Lawrance
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trattinnickia panamensis Standl. & L.O.Williams
Family	Burseraceae
Distribution	SE North America (end Panama)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	Panama trattinnickia
French name	trattinnickia du Panama
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trema Lour.
Family	Ulmaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Sponia Comm. ex Decne
English name	trema; charcoal-tree, nettle tree
French name	capulin
Spanish name	capulín
Other name	halindagong (dusun, Sabah); kereneong (iban, Sarawak); marong (malay, Sarawak); randagong (dusun, Sabah); towi (bukar sadong, Sarawak)
Trade name

Latin name	Trema domingensis Urb.
Family	Ulmaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Dominican Republic)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S
Foliage	E
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	SantoDomingo trema
French name	capulin de Saint-Domingue; bois de soie
Spanish name	anisillo
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trema integerrima (Beurl.) Standl.
Family	Ulmaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Nicaragua to Panama) NW MW MC South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage
Ecology
Use	ma (fiber bark used for rope)
Synonym	Sponia integerrima Beurl.
English name	entire trema
French name	capulin entier
Spanish name	borio (Costa Rica)
Other name	kaka (shuar, Ecuador)
Trade name

Latin name	Trema lamarckiana (Roem. & Schult.) Blume
Family	Ulmaceae
Distribution	ME SE North America (USA: Florida; Bermuda, Bahamas, West Indies)
North America distribution zone	ME SE
Height	M
Foliage	E
Ecology	hel xer calc? serp
Use
Synonym	Celtis lamarckiana Roem. & Schult. Celtis lima Lam. non Sw. Celtis parvifolia A.Rich. Sponia lamarckiana Decne. Trema lima Fawc. & Rendle non (Sw.) Blume Trema lima Hitchc. non Blume
English name	WestIndies trema; Lamarck trema, pain-in-back (Bahamas, USA); West Indian trema (Puerto Rico)
French name	capulin à petites feuilles; bois mahaut, caca-ravet; mahaut piment (Haiti); orme petites feuilles (French West Indies); orme-petites feuilles
Spanish name	cabrilla (Puerto Rico); capuli cimarrón (Cuba); cubita; guasimilla, mahagua de Cuba (Cuba); majagua, memiso, memizo cimarrón, memizo de majagua (Dominican Republic); palo de cabrilla (Puerto Rico)
Other name	maho piman (creole, Haiti)
Trade name

Latin name	Trema laxiflora Lundell
Family	Ulmaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Guatemala: Petén)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	looseflower trema
French name	capulin laxiflore
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trema micrantha (L.) Blume
Family	Ulmaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama; USA: Florida; Greater Antilles) South America (tropics)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M[L]
Foliage	D E
Ecology	hel hyg->xer
Use	dr (the Chacobos use this species to cure skin hurts) fr fw ma (baskets, the bark is used for cordage and binding tobacco) pl sa (tea and coffee shade) ti (soft wood for tea chests and match sticks)
Synonym	Celtis canescens Decne. Celtis canescens Kunth Celtis lima Sw. Celtis macrophylla Kunth Celtis micrantha (L.) Sw. Celtis mollis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Celtis rugosa Willd. Celtis schiedeana Schltdl. Rhamnus micranthus L. Sponia canescens (Kunth) Decne Sponia chichilea Planch. Sponia crassifolia Liebm. Sponia grisea Liebm. Sponia macrophylla (Kunth) Decne. Sponia micrantha (L.) Decne. Sponia mollis (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Decne Sponia peruviana Klotzsch Sponia schiedeana (Schltdl.) Planch. Trema canescens (Kunth) Blume Trema chichilea (Planch.) Blume Trema melinona Blume Trema mollis (Humb.& Bonpl.) Blume
English name	small flower trema; bass-cedar (Lesser Antilles); bastard bay cedar (Belize); capulin (Lesser Antilles); false jacocalalu (Virgin Gorda); Jamaican nettle-tree (Lesser Antilles, Jamaica); washie gunstock (Lesser Antilles); white capulin, wild bay cedar, wild bay-cedar (Belize)
French name	capulin à petites fleurs; arbre de soie, bois de l'orme; bois de soie (Haiti); bois-de-soie, capulin, mahaut piment, orme-petites feuilles, petit orme, tréma de Floride
Spanish name	afata colorada, afata grande colorada (Argentina); afta colorado, aisegerina (El Salvador); anisillo; atadejo (Peru); atadijo (El Salvador, Peru); berraco (Colombia); berragüito (El Salvador); berraquillo (Colombia); cabra (Puerto Rico); capulí cimarrón (Cuba); capulin (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico); capulín (Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Panama); capulin blanco (Costa Rica, El Salvador); capulín blanco (Costa Rica); capulín cimarrón (Cuba); capulin macho (Colombia, Panama, El Salvador); capulín macho (Panama); capulin montes (El Salvador); capulin negro (El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua); capulín negro (Honduras, Nicaragua); capulincillo (El Salvador); capullin macho, capullín macho (Panama); cargadero (Colombia); carrasposo (Venezuela); ceiuva, chaca, checait; chimiri, chumiri (Bolivia); churrusco (Colombia, El Salvador); cuich-pipil; equipal (Cuba); fruta de paloma (Argentina); guacimilla (Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Panama, Puerto Rico); guacimilla boba (Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic); guacimilla cimarrona (Colombia, Dominican Republic); guacimillo, gualluyo; guasimilla boba, guasimilla cimarrona (Cuba); guayuyo (Colombia); guinda (Cuba); ingá blanco, ingá moroti (Argentina); ixpepe, izpepe (Mexico); jordán (El Salvador); jordancillo (Panama); juco (Costa Rica); jucó (Costa Rica, El Salvador); majagua colorado (Colombia); majagüito, masaquilla (El Salvador); memisa de paloma, memiso, memiso de paloma, memizo (Dominican Republic); memizo cimarrón (Dominican Republic, El Salvador); muchichilan (Ecuador, El Salvador); muchichilán (Ecuador); muchichilan atadijo; palo de cabra (Puerto Rico); palo de pótvora, palo polvora (Argentina); palo-pólvora (El Salvador); palo-púlvara (Argentina); pellejo de veja, pie de paloma, puam; raspador (Colombia); sapan de paloma (Ecuador, El Salvador); sapán de paloma (Ecuador); surrumbo (Colombia); tala blanco (Argentina); tortolero (Ecuador, El Salvador); totogopolin; uvilla (Bolivia); vara blanca (Costa Rica); venaco (Colombia); vera blanca (El Salvador); yaco de cuero (Cuba); yana caspi, yanacaspi (Peru); zurrumbo (El Salvador)
Other name	bwa swa (creole, Haiti); cambá-acá (Argentina); candiúba (Brazil); ceiuva, checait; coatidiba, crindiúva, grandiúva, gurindiba (Brazil); kabuyakoro; kib (Guatemala); kopi-kopi; kurundi-y (Argentina); merabi (chácobo, Bolivia); motamba, orindeúva, orindiba, orinduíba, pau-pólvora, periquiteira (Brazil); puam; seriúva, taleira (Brazil); ti is (kuna, Panama)
Trade name

Latin name	Trichanthera Kunth
Family	Acanthaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	trichanthera
French name	trichanthera
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees
Family	Acanthaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) N MW South America (Colombia to Guianas, Ecuador, Peru)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S[M]
Foliage
Ecology	hel hyg->xer acid?
Use	dr fd fr pl sa
Synonym	Ruellia gigantea Humb. & Bonpl.
English name	giant trichantera
French name	trichanthera géant
Spanish name	aro (Colombia); asedera (Panama); barriga, cafeto; cafeto madreagua, cajeto (Colombia); cenicero (Bolivia); fune; madre de agua (Colombia); madreagua; montonero (Ecuador); nacedero (Colombia, Ecuador); naranjillo (Venezuela); palo de agua (Panama); quiebra barriga, quiebrabarrigo (Colombia); suiban; tuno (Ecuador); yatago; yátago, yatego, zanca de araña (Colombia)
Other name	beque, pau santo (portuguese, Brazil)
Trade name