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Latin name	Trichilia trifolia L.
Family	Meliaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama, Cuba) N South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Curaçao, Trinidad)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology	hyg
Use
Synonym
English name	threeleaf bitterwood
French name	trichilia trifolié
Spanish name	pimientillo (Costa Rica)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trichilia trifolia ssp. palmeri (C.DC.) T.D.Penn.
Family	Meliaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Colima)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	S
Foliage	D
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Trichilia palmeri C.DC.
English name	Palmer threeleaf bitterwood
French name	trichilia trifolié de Palmer
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trichilia trifolia L. ssp. trifolia
Family	Meliaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (Mexico: Chiapas to Panama, Cuba) NW NC South America (Colombia, Venezuela)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology	[hyg]
Use
Synonym	Trichilia excisa Urb. Trichilia halesia Loefl. Trichilia lamellulata Dugand Trichilia palmetorum Pittier Trichilia parvifolia C.DC. Trichilia unifoliola S.F.Blake & Standl.
English name	typical threeleaf bitterwood
French name	trichilia trifolié typique
Spanish name	cachito, cimaruco macho, clavito, hallito (Venezuela); huesito (Mexico); pimiento (Venezuela)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trichilia tuberculata (Triana & Planch.) C.DC.
Family	Meliaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) MW South America (Peru)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage
Ecology	hyg
Use
Synonym	Odontandra tuberculata Triana & Planch.
English name	tuberculate bitterwood
French name	trichilia tubéreux
Spanish name	alfaje, alfajia, alfajillo colorado (Panama); camfin (Costa Rica, Panama); fosforito (Panama)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trichospermum Blume
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Belotia A.Rich.
English name	trichospermum; belotia
French name	trichospermum
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trichospermum galeottii (Turcz.) Kosterm.
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama) N M South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	L
Foliage
Ecology
Use	ti
Synonym	Belotia australis Little Belotia colombiana Cuatrec. Belotia galeottii Turcz. Belotia grandifolia Sprague Belotia macrantha Sprague Belotia occidentalis Cuatrec. Belotia panamensis Pittier Belotia reticulata Sprague Trichospermum australis (Little) Kosterm. Trichospermum colombianum (Cuatrec.) Kosterm. Trichospermum grandifolium (Sprague) Kosterm. Trichospermum macranthum (Sprague) Kosterm. Trichospermum occidentalis (Cuatrec.) Kosterm. Trichospermum reticulatum (Sprague) Kosterm.
English name	Galeotti trichospermum
French name	trichospermum de Galeotti
Spanish name	capulín, capulin macho rojo (El Salvador); capulin sabanero (Nicaragua); pichango (Ecuador); plomo (Costa Rica)
Other name	guacechi (Ecuador)
Trade name

Latin name	Trichospermum grewiifolium (A.Rich.) Kosterm.
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama, Cuba) MW South America (Peru)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M
Foliage	D
Ecology
Use	ma (fiber) ti
Synonym	Belotia campbellii Sprague Belotia grewiifolia A.Rich.
English name	grewialeaf trichospermum; balsa wood (Belize)
French name	trichospermum faux-grévia
Spanish name	anonita (Honduras); capulin (Nicaragua); capulín blanco (El Salvador, Honduras); capulin de montaña (Honduras); guasimilla (Cuba); lagroso, macapol, mahaua, mahaua-mahaua (Belize); maj; majagua macho, majaguilla macho (Cuba); moho (Belize)
Other name	cha-hib, makapal (maya, Belize)
Trade name

Latin name	Trichospermum mexicanum (DC.) Baill.
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama) NW MW South America (Colombia, Ecuador)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	L
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel hyg
Use	ma ti (furniture components, match sticks, plywood, sawn timber, veneer)
Synonym	Belotia mexicana (DC.) K.Schum. Grewia mexicana DC.
English name	Mexican trichospermum; Mexican belotia
French name	trichospermum du Mexique
Spanish name	balsilla (Ecuador); capulín (Mexico); capulín colorado (Costa Rica, Honduras); chillalde (Ecuador); corcho colorado, cuapetate (Mexico); escobo (Colombia); holol, jonote capulín, majagua, majagua capulina (Mexico); majagüilla blanca (Cuba); palencano (Mexico); seco paparagua (Ecuador); tepechonote, yaco de cal, yaco de venado (Mexico)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Triplaris Loefl. ex L.
Family	Polygonaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	anttree
French name	bois-fourmi
Spanish name	vara santa
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Triplaris americana L.
Family	Polygonaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) South America (general)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	M[L]
Foliage	E
Ecology	hyg xer
Use	dr (ants from tree crushed and inserted in tooth cavity to treat toothache) fw ma pl ti
Synonym	Ruprechtia martii Meisn. Triplaris boliviana Britton Triplaris brasiliana Cham. Triplaris estriata Kuntze Triplaris euryphylla S.F.Blake Triplaris felipensis Wedd. Triplaris formicosa S.Moore Triplaris guanaiensis Rusby Triplaris laxa S.F.Blake Triplaris noli-tangere Wedd. Triplaris pavonii Meisn. Triplaris pyramidalis Jacq. Triplaris schomburgkiana Benth. Triplaris striata Kuntze Triplaris williamsii Rusby
English name	LongJohn anttree; Long-John anttree
French name	bois-fourmi d'Amérique
Spanish name	añangu yura, cumbi, guacamayo; hormigo (Costa Rica); jara santa; maicharo-ey (Peru); palo diablo (Bolivia); palo santo, tabaco, tabacón, tabacón de monte; tangarana (Peru); tangarana colorada, vara santa
Other name	ardilla caspi (Ecuador); canaiqui (campa asháninca, Peru); tangkaana (achual, Peru)
Trade name

Latin name	Triplaris cumingiana Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex C.A.Mey.
Family	Polygonaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) South America (general)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage	D
Ecology	hyg
Use
Synonym	Triplaris arnottiana Meisn. Triplaris auriculata Meisn. Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd. Triplaris lindeniana Wedd.
English name	Cuming anttree
French name	bois-fourmi de Cuming
Spanish name	fenán sánchez (Ecuador); guayabo hormiguero (Panama); muchina (Ecuador); palo maria (Venezuela); palo santo (Panama); palo santo hembra (Bolivia); vara santa (Panama)
Other name	tibaue (waorani, Peru)
Trade name

Latin name	Triplaris melaenodendron (Bertol.) Standl. & Steyerm.
Family	Polygonaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama) NW South America (Colombia)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M[L?]
Foliage
Ecology
Use	pp (good for paper pulp) ti (boxes, carpentry, general construction, posts)
Synonym	Triplaris macombii Donn.Sm. Vellasquesia melaenodendron Bertol.
English name	black anttree
French name	bois-fourmi noir
Spanish name	canilla de mula (El Salvador); canilla de mula-callito (Costa Rica); flor de arco, flor de garrobo (Nicaragua); gallito (El Salvador); guayabito (Nicaragua); guayabo hormiguero (Costa Rica, Panama); hormigo (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua); mulato (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras); palo mulato (Guatemala); palo santo (Panama); Santa Rosa (Nicaragua); tabaco, tabaco de monte, tabacon (Costa Rica); tabacón (Costa Rica, Nicaragua); tabasco (Costa Rica); vara santa (Panama)
Other name	turi-svan-kra (boruca)
Trade name

Latin name	Triplaris weigeltiana (Rchb.) Kuntze
Family	Polygonaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Central America) South America (tropics)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	hel hyg
Use	pl ti (for interior work)
Synonym	Blochmannia weigeltiana Rchb. Triplaris americana Aubl. Triplaris americana Rottb. Triplaris americana Vahl Triplaris martiana Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex C.A.Mey. Triplaris martiana var. oblongifolia Meisn. Triplaris siphonopetala H.Gross Triplaris surinamensis Cham. Triplaris surinamensis var. benthamiana Meisn. Triplaris surinamensis var. chamissoana Meisn. Triplaris surinamensis var. crassifolia Benth. Triplaris vahliana Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex C.A.Mey.
English name	Weigelt anttree; long john (Guyana)
French name	bois-fourmi de Weigelt
Spanish name	tangarana (Colombia)
Other name	bois fourmi (creole); doonoudou, mierenhout (Suriname); tachi, tachi-da-várzea (Brazil); tangarana (quichua, Ecuador)
Trade name

Latin name	Triumfetta L.
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	triumfetta
French name	triumfetta
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Triumfetta arborescens (Seem.) Sprague
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Heliocarpus arborescens Seem.
English name	treelike triumfetta
French name	triumfetta arborescent
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Triumfetta calderonii Standl.
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Costa Rica)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	Calderón triumfetta
French name	triumfetta de Calderón
Spanish name	mozote, tabacón (Nicaragua)
Other name	zarra (Nicaragua)
Trade name

Latin name	Triumfetta grandiflora Vahl
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico, Guatemala, Panama) N MW MC South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M
Foliage
Ecology
Use	ma (inflorescence used to play in Carnaval)
Synonym	Triumfetta schunkei J.F.Macbr.
English name	bigflower triumfetta
French name	triumfetta à grandes fleurs
Spanish name	balsa, cargadera babosa (Ecuador); pega-pega (Bolivia)
Other name	moloc (Guatemala)
Trade name

Latin name	Triumfetta speciosa Seem.
Family	Tiliaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use	dr (kidney) ma
Synonym
English name	showy triumfetta
French name	triumfetta éclatant
Spanish name	colibri, mozote de tunco (El Salvador)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trophis P.Browne
Family	Moraceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Bucephalon L. Calpidochlamys Diels Cephalotrophis Blume Maillardia Frapp. & Duch. Malaisia Blanco Olmedia Ruiz & Pav. Olmedoa Post & Kuntze Skutchia Pax & K.Hoffm.
English name	breadnut
French name	ramón
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trophis caucana (Pittier) C.C.Berg
Family	Moraceae
Distribution	SE North America (Nicaragua to Panama) NW MW MC South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage	D
Ecology
Use	fw
Synonym	Olmedia aspera Ruiz & Pav. Olmedia caucana Pittier Olmedia falcifolia Pittier Olmedia poeppigiana Klotzsch non Mart. Trophis aurantiaca Herzog
English name	Cauca breadnut
French name	ramón de la Cauca
Spanish name	ilanchama, muichi-pata (Peru); ojoche negro (Nicaragua)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trophis cuspidata Lundell
Family	Moraceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Chiapas; Guatemala)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	M
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	cuspidate breadnut
French name	ramón cuspidé
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trophis involucrata W.C.Burger
Family	Moraceae
Distribution	SE North America (Nicaragua to Panama)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology	mes
Use
Synonym
English name	involucrate breadnut
French name	ramón à involucre
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Trophis mexicana (Liebm.) Bureau
Family	Moraceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama) MW South America (Ecuador)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M
Foliage
Ecology	mes
Use
Synonym	Bucephalon mexicanum (Liebm.) Kuntze Skutchia caudata Pax & K.Hoffm. Sorocea mexicana Liebm. Trophis chiapensis Brandegee Trophis chorizantha Standl. Trophis matudae Lundell Trophis nubium Standl.
English name	Mexican breadnut; mountain ramon, sweet breadnut (Belize)
French name	ramón du Mexique
Spanish name	masico dulce (Belize); palo morillo (Guatemala); ramon blanco (Belize); yema de huevo (Honduras)
Other name	ujushte macho (El Salvador)
Trade name

Latin name	Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb.
Family	Moraceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama, Greater Antilles) South America (general)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M[L]
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci [hel] hyg->mes xer? calc
Use	dr (astringent bark tonic taken orally for diarrhea) fd (fruits) fr (branches)
Synonym	Bucephalon racemosum L. Clarisia urophylla (Donn.Sm.) Lanj. Pseudolmedia karstenii Pittier Sahagunia urophylla Donn.Sm. Trophis americana L. Trophis americana var. meridionalis Bureau Trophis americana var. ramon Bureau Trophis racemosa ssp. meridionalis (Bureau) W.C.Burger Trophis racemosa ssp. ramon (Schltdl. & Cham.) W.C.Burger Trophis ramon Schltdl. & Cham.
English name	racemose breadnut; breadnut (Panama); cherry, female white ramon, ramon (Belize); ramón; ramoon (Jamaica, Panama); red ramon, white breadnut, white ramón, wild maya (Belize)
French name	ramón à grappes; bois neuf, bois neuf-rameau, rameau, ramon (Haiti); ramón; ramon cheval (Haiti)
Spanish name	bálsamo (Cuba); confitura (Mexico); cuchara-caspi (Peru); eldorado (Belize); gallote (Panama); gusano (Colombia); hoja tinta (Honduras); huachal, jucite, leche María (Mexico); lechosa (Panama); marfil; mora (Mexico); morillo, ojoche macho (Panama); ojochillo (Honduras); papellilo (Mexico); raman verde (Belize); ramon (Honduras, Panama); ramon colorado (Belize); ramón (Panama, Puerto Rico); ramon blanco (Belize); ramón colorado (Guatemala, Mexico); ramón de bestia (Cuba, Dominican Republic); ramón de caballo (Mexico); ramón de caballos (Cuba); ramón de vaca (Dominican Republic); ramoncillo (Mexico, Puerto Rico); raspa lengua (El Salvador); San Ramon (Honduras)
Other name	bwa nef, bwa nèf, bwa nèf ramo (creole, Haiti); catalox (Guatemala); cha-cox (maya, Belize); chac'ox (maya); chilujushte, chulujushte (El Salvador); chulujuste; chumte (Mexico); ojushte, pilijushte, pilijuste (El Salvador); pojoncahuite (Mexico); ramo, ramon, ramon chwal (creole, Haiti); sacua-yum (maya, Belize); sinchi-caspi (Peru); tzumte (huasteco); ujushte (El Salvador); urpai manchinga (Peru); ushi (Mexico); ya-xox (maya, Belize); yaxox (maya, Belize; Guatemala)
Trade name

Latin name	Tsuga (Endl.) Carrière
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Hesperopeuce (Engelm.) Lemmon Pinus sect. Tsuga Endl. Tsuga sect. Hesperopeuce Engelm.
English name	hemlock; hemlock spruce
French name	pruche; tsuga (Canada)
Spanish name
Other name	Hemlocktanne (german); kagagiwanj (otchipwe, Canada); onen'ta'ón: we (mohawk, Canada); Schierlingstanne (german); tsuga (italian and japanese); wâbanowask (cree, Canada)
Trade name

Latin name	Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	MC ME North America (Canada: Ontario to Nova Scotia; USA: Minnesota to Maine to Alabama) int MW Eurasia (Germany)
North America distribution zone	MC ME
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci [hel] hyg->mes acid
Use	cl (emblem tree of Pennsylvania State of USA) dr (bark poultice used for itching armpits, roots are chewed to check bowels, tea of stem tips used for kidneys) fr fw (firewood) ma (the bark makes rosy-tan dye and also used for tannin, the inner bark is good for baskets) ma(ob) (dye, talic acid) pl pp ti (beams, boxes, crates, framing, lumber, plywood, railroad ties, retaining wall) tx (dermatitis)
Synonym	Pinus canadensis L. Tsuga americana (Mill.) Farwell Tsuga canadensis f. parvula Vict. & Rousseau
English name	eastern hemlock; black hemlock (Canada); Canada hemlock, Canadian hemlock, common hemlock; hemlock, hemlock gum tree (Canada); hemlock spruce, Huron pine, red hemlock, spruce p.p., spruce pine p.p. (USA); tree-juniper, weeping-spruce (Canada); white hemlock
French name	pruche du Canada; haricot (Canada); hemlock du Canada; pérusse (Canada, France); pruche (Canada); pruche canadienne; pruche de l'Est (Canada); prusse (Canada, France); sapin ciguë; sapin du Canada (Canada); sapinette du Canada, tsuga commun; tsuga du Canada, violon (Canada)
Spanish name
Other name	Kanadische Hemlocktanne, Schierlingstanne (german); tsuga canadese (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	ME North America (end USA: Appalachians mountains from Virginia to Georgia)
North America distribution zone	ME
Height	M[L]
Foliage	E
Ecology	mes->xer acid->neut
Use	dr (bark poultice used for itching armpits, roots are chewed to check bowels, tea of stem tips used for kidneys) fw (firewood) ma (the bark makes rosy-tan dye and is also used for tannin, the inner bark is good for baskets) pl (ornamental tree) ti (lumber, plywood)
Synonym
English name	Carolina hemlock; crag hemlock, southern hemlock
French name	pruche de la Caroline; hemlock de Caroline, tsuga de Caroline, tsuga de la Caroline
Spanish name
Other name	Carolina-Hemlocktanne (german); tsuga della Carolina (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	NW MW North America (Canada: British Columbia, Alberta; USA: Alaska, Washington to Montana to California) int MW Eurasia (from Britain to France)
North America distribution zone	NW MW
Height	G
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci [hel] hyg->xer calc sili acid->neut
Use	cl (emblem tree of Washington State of USA) cl(ob) (Haida often mixed hemlock cambium with highbush cranberries Viburnum edule, such cakes were frequently mentionned in Haida myths as a feast food of supernatural beings) fd(ob) (boiled bark gives a cake dried and stored for winter; one cake at a time was taken out and soaked in warm water then stirred into a pasty substance and mixed with grease and was eaten together with coho salmon skin, the slimy cambium was scraped off and eaten by several Coastal Indian groups of British Columbia) fw ma (bark used for its tannin contents) ma(ob) (hemlock boughs were frequently used by the Indians groups to catch herring spawn, hooks, spears, spoons) pl pp ti (gymnasium flooring, suitable for all uses but heavy construction)
Synonym	Abies heterophylla Raf. Tsuga albertiana Sénéclauze Tsuga mertensiana auct. non (Bong.) Carrière
English name	western hemlock; Alaska pine (USA); British Columbia hemlock, grey fir, hemlock (Canada); hemlock spruce, Pacific hemlock (Canada, USA); Prince Albert's fir; Prince Albert-spruce, spruce (Canada); west coast hemlock (USA); western American hemlock, western hemlock fir
French name	pruche de l'Ouest; hemlock de l'Ouest, pruche occidentale, tsuga, tsuga de Californie; tsuga de l'Ouest (Canada); tsuga hétérophylle
Spanish name	Hemlockstanne, Kalifornische Hemlocktanne, Schierlingstanne (german); tsuga del Pacifico, tsuga di California, tsuga occidentale (italian); tsuga; Westamerikanische Hemlocktanne, Westliche Hemlocktanne (german)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carrière
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	NW MW North America (Canada: British Columbia; USA: Alaska, Washington to Montana, California to Nevada) int MW Eurasia
North America distribution zone	NW MW
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci [hel] mes->hyg calc acid
Use	fd fr fw ma (bark contains tannin) pl pp sa ti
Synonym	Abies hookeriana A.Murray bis Abies pattoniana A.Murray bis Hesperopeuce mertensiana (Bong.) Rydb. Hesperopeuce pattoniana (A.Murray bis) Lemmon Picea hookeriana (A.Murray bis) Bertrand Pinus hookeriana (A.Murray bis) McNab Pinus mertensiana Bong. Pinus pattoniana (A.Murray bis) Parl. Tsuga crassifolia Flous Tsuga hookeriana (A.Murray bis) Carrière Tsuga pattoniana (A.Murray bis) Engelm. Tsuga pattoniana var. hookeriana (A.Murray bis) Lemmon
English name	mountain hemlock; alpine hemlock, alpine spruce (USA); black hemlock (Canada); hemlock spruce, weeping spruce (USA); western hemlock p.p. (Canada)
French name	pruche subalpine; hemlock de Mertens, hemlock des montagnes; pruche de Mertens, pruche de Patton (Canada); pruche des montagnes, tsuga de Mertens; tsuga de Patton (Canada); tsuga des montagnes
Spanish name
Other name	Berg-Hemlocktanne, Mertens Hemlocktanne (german); tsuga di Mertens (italian)
Trade name

Latin name	Turnera L.
Family	Turneraceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	turnera
French name	turnera
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name