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Latin name	Phyllanthus mocinianus Baill.
Family	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama) NW MW South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Phyllanthus anisolobus Müll.Arg. Phyllanthus pittieri Pax
English name	Mociño leafflower
French name	phyllanthus de Mociño
Spanish name	barbasco (Costa Rica)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllanthus montanus (Sw.) Sw.
Family	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	SE North America (end Jamaica)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology	hel calc
Use
Synonym
English name	mountain leafflower
French name	phyllanthus de montagne
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllanthus nutans Sw.
Family	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Jamaica, Grand Cayman)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology	hel calc
Use
Synonym
English name	drooping leafflower
French name	phyllanthus pleureur
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllanthus phlebocarpus Urb.
Family	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	SE North America (end Cuba)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Phyllanthus breviramis Urb.
English name	veinfruit leafflower
French name	phyllanthus à fruits veinés
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Trade name

Latin name	Phyllanthus pseudocicca Griseb.
Family	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	SE North America (end Cuba)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Phyllanthus punctulatus Urb.
English name	falsecicca leafflower
French name	phyllanthus faux-cicca
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllanthus skutchii Standl.
Family	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	SE North America (end Costa Rica: General Valley and Braulio Cerillo National Park)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	L
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	Skutch leafflower
French name	phyllanthus de Skutch
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllanthus subcarnosus C.Wright ex Müll.Arg.
Family	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Cuba, Haiti)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Diasperus subcarnosus Kuntze Phyllanthus leonis Alain
English name	fleshy leafflower
French name	phyllanthus charnu
Spanish name
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Trade name

Latin name	Phyllanthus williamioides Griseb.
Family	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	SE North America (end Cuba)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	Williams leafflower
French name	phyllanthus de Williams
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllonoma Willd. ex Schult.
Family	Grossulariaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	phyllonoma
French name	phyllonome
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllonoma laticuspis (Turcz.) Engl.
Family	Grossulariaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Honduras)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology	hel
Use
Synonym	Dulongia laticuspis Turcz.
English name	broadcusp phyllonoma
French name	phyllonome à larges cuspes
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllonoma ruscifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Family	Grossulariaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Costa Rica, Panama) South America (general)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Dulongia acuminata Kunth. Dulongia integerrima Turcz. Phyllonoma integerrima (Turcz.) Loes. ex Engl.
English name	boxhollylike phyllonoma
French name	phyllonome à feuilles de ruscus
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllostylon Capan. ex Benth. & Hook.f.
Family	Ulmaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	seron
French name	phyllostylon
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phyllostylon rhamnoides (J.Poiss.) Taub.
Family	Ulmaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama, Cuba, Hispaniola) South America (general)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	M[G]
Foliage	D
Ecology	hel hyg xer calc
Use	fw ti (beams, billard table, construction, drawing rule, flooring, inside facing, pawns, pit-prop, poles, tool handles)
Synonym	Phyllostyllon orthopterum Hallier f. Phyllostylon brasiliense Capan. ex Benth. & Hook.f. Phyllostylon brasiliensis Capan. ex Benth. & Hook.f. Samaroceltis rhamnoides J.Poiss.
English name	buckthornlike seron; San Domingo boxwood (Puerto Rico, UK, USA); serono; West Indian boxwood (Puerto Rico, UK, USA)
French name	phyllostylon faux-nerprun; bois blanc (Haiti); buis Saint-Domingue (France)
Spanish name	baitoa (Dominican Republic); cara tibama, cará tibama (Venezuela); cerón (Mexico); cuta (Bolivia); escobillo (Nicaragua); jatia (Cuba, Dominican Republic); jatía (Cuba); jatia blanca (Cuba, Dominican Republic); palo amarillo (Argentina); palo de lanza blanco, palo den lanza (Paraguay); polo lanza (Argentina); sabonero (Colombia)
Other name	pau branco (Brazil); bwa blan (creole, Haiti); ivirá-catu, yoasi-guasu (guarani, Argentina); canché, ot-te, otélom (huasteco, Mexico)
Trade name	San Domingo-boxwood

Latin name	Phytelephas Ruiz & Pav.
Family	Palmae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	ivory palm; yvory palm
French name	phytelephas
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Phytelephas seemanii O.F.Cook
Family	Palmae
Distribution	SE North America (end Panama)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S?
Foliage
Ecology
Use	fd
Synonym
English name	Seemann ivorypalm
French name	phytelephas de Seemann
Spanish name	anta, tagua, tagwa (Panama)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Picardaea Urb.
Family	Rubiaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	picardaea
French name	picardéa
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Picardaea cubensis (Griseb.) Britton ex Urb.
Family	Rubiaceae
Distribution	SE North America (Cuba, Hispaniola)
North America distribution zone	SE
Height	S[M]
Foliage
Ecology	calc
Use
Synonym	Macrocnemum cubense Griseb. Picardaea haitiensis Urb.
English name	Cuban picardaea
French name	picardéa de Cuba
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Picea A.Dietr.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym
English name	spruce; he balsam, juniper(ob) p.p., spruce pine, yew pine(ob) (USA)
French name	épicéa; épinette (Canada)
Spanish name	abeto falso
Other name	abete (italian); Fichte (german); ininandag, jingob (otchipwe, Canada); kevraartuq, napa, nekevraartuq (yupik, USA); o'sò:ra' (mohawk, Canada); peccio (italian); sesegadek (algonquin, Canada)
Trade name

Latin name	Picea breweriana S.Watson
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	MW North America (end USA: Siskiyou Mountains of S Oregon and N California)
North America distribution zone	MW
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci? hyg->xer calc
Use	pl ti
Synonym
English name	Brewer's spruce; Brewer spruce (USA); Brewer's weeping spruce, Siskiyou spruce; weeping spruce (USA)
French name	épicéa de Brewer; épinette de Brewer (Canada)
Spanish name
Other name	abete di Brewer (italian); Brewers Fichte, Siskiyou-Fichte (german);
Trade name

Latin name	Picea chihuahuana Martinez
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (end Mexico: Chihuahua)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci hyg
Use
Synonym
English name	Chihuahua spruce; spruce
French name	épicéa de Chihuahua
Spanish name	picea chihuahuana, pinabete
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	NW MW MC SC North America (Canada: British Columbia, Alberta; USA: Washington to Montana, California to New Mexico; Mexico: Nuevo León) int NW MW Eurasia (Iceland to Finland)
North America distribution zone	NW MW MC SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci->hel hyg mes
Use	fw (charcoal, fuel) ma (bark) ma(ob) pl pp sa ti (lumber, mine props, railroad ties, poles)
Synonym	Abies engelmanii Parry
English name	Engelmann spruce; Arizona spruce, blue Engelmann's spruce, Columbian spruce, Engelmann's spruce, mountain spruce, Rocky Mountain spruce; silver spruce (USA); western white spruce; white spruce p.p. (USA)
French name	épicéa d'Engelmann; épicéa de l'Arizona, épicéa engelmann; épinette bleue, épinette d'Engelmann, épinette des montagnes (Canada)
Spanish name	pino real
Other name	abete di Engelmann (italian); el'amerikanskaya, Engel'mana (russian); Engelmanns Fichte (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. var. engelmannii
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	NW MW MC SC North America (Canada: British Columbia, Alberta; USA: Washington to Montana, California to New Mexico; Mexico: Nuevo León)
North America distribution zone	NW MW MC SC
Height	L
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Picea columbiana Lemmon Picea engelmannii var. glabra Goodman Picea glauca ssp. engelmanii (Parry ex Engelm.) T.M.C.Taylor Picea glauca var. engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) B.Boivin
English name	typical Engelmann spruce
French name	épicéa d'Engelmann typique
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Picea engelmannii var. mexicana (Martínez) R.J.Taylor & T.F.Patterson
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	SC North America (Mexico: Nuevo León)
North America distribution zone	SC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci hyg calc
Use
Synonym	Picea mexicana Martínez
English name	Mexican Engelmann spruce
French name	épicéa d'Engelmann du Mexique
Spanish name	ciprès
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Picea glauca (Moench) Voss
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	N M North America (Canada: Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, British Columbia to Newfoundland; France: St. Pierre and Miquelon; USA: Alaska, Montana, Wyoming, Minnesota to Maine) int NW Eurasia (Belgium to Austria)
North America distribution zone	NW NC NE MW MC ME
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci->hel hyg->xer calc acid->basi
Use	cl (emblem tree of Manitoba Province of Canada and South Dakota State of USA) dr (infusion of green spruce twigs were used to cure scurvy, gum and needles to heal wounds and cuts, leaves for infusion) fr (seeds) fw ma (bark, tannin) ma(ob) (ropes) pl pp (pulp) sa ti (boxes, carpentry, construction lumber, crates, musical instruments, plywood, sounding boards) tx (dermatitis)
Synonym	Abies alba F.Michx. non Mill. Abies americana Dum.Cours. Abies arctica A.Murray Abies canadensis Mill. Abies curvifolia Salisb. Abies glauca a curvifolia Horton Abies laxa K.Koch Abies rubra J.St.-Hil. Picea alba (Aiton) Link Picea alba Link. Picea alba var. albertiana (S.Br.) Beissn. Picea alba var. coerulea Nelson Picea alba coerulea Carrière Picea alba nana Carrière Picea albertiana S.Br. Picea canadensis Koehne Picea canadensis (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb. Picea canadensis (Mill.) Link Picea canadensis var. glauca (Moench) Sudw. Picea glauca Beissn. Picea glauca var. albertiana (S.Br.) Sarg. Picea glauca var. densata Bailey Picea glauca var. porsildii Raup Picea glauca var. procumbens F.Mey.? Picea glauca f. coerulea (Nelson) Rehder Picea glauca f. nana (Jacques) Rehder Picea glauca f. parva (Vict.) Fernald & Weath. Picea laxa Sarg. Picea nigra var. glauca Carrière Picea rubra pusilla Peck Pinus abies laxa Münchh. Pinus alba Aiton Pinus alba Lamb. Pinus americana a alba Castigl. Pinus canadensis Du Roi non L. Pinus canadensis Ldb.? Pinus glauca Moench Pinus laxa Ehrh. Pinus rubra var. arctica Lawson & C.Lawson Pinus rubra var. arctica longifolia Lawson & C.Lawson Pinus tetragona Moench
English name	white spruce; Alberta spruce, Alberta white spruce, Black Hills spruce, Canadian spruce; cat spruce (Canada, USA); double spruce, eastern Canadian spruce, eastern spruce, field spruce, Labrador spruce; northern spruce (Canada); pasture spruce, pine, pine spruce, Porsild spruce; single spruce (USA); skunk-spruce, spruce pine p.p., upland spruce, western white spruce, white spruce, yellow spruce
French name	épicéa blanc; épicéa canadien, épicéa du Canada; épicéa glauque (Canada); épinette à bière; épinette blanche (Canada); épinette de l'Alberta, épinette de Porsild, épinette de savane, épinette des champs, épinette du Canada; épinette glauque (Canada); épinette grise, épinette jaune; prusse blanc (Canada); sapin blanc, sapinette blanche; sapinette blanche du Canada (France); sapinette du Canada
Spanish name	picea glauca
Other name	abete americano (italian); el'kanadskaya (russian); miniku (montagnais, Canada); Schimmelfichte, Weissfichte (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	N MC ME North America (Canada: Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, British Columbia to Newfoundland; France: St. Pierre and Miquelon; USA: Alaska, Minnesota to Maine) int MW Eurasia
North America distribution zone	NW NC NE MC ME
Height	M[L]
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci->hel hyg->xer sili acid
Use	cl (emblem tree of Newfoundland Province of Canada) dr fd (boiled branches: spruce beer; resin: chewing-gum) fr fw ma pp (pulp) ti (boxes, construction)
Synonym	Abies mariana Mill. Picea brevifolia Peck Picea mariana var. brevifolia (Peck) Rehder Picea nigra (Aiton) Link. Pinus nigra Aiton
English name	black spruce; bog spruce (Canada, USA); Canadian spruce (Canada); double spruce, eastern spruce, shortleaf black spruce; swamp spruce (Canada); water spruce (USA)
French name	épicéa noir; épicéa marial, épicéa mariale (Canada); épicéa noir d'Amérique; épinette à bière (Canada); épinette bâtarde, épinette de savane, épinette des marais, épinette des tourbières; épinette jaune, épinette noire, sapin noir(ob) (Canada); sapinette noire (France)
Spanish name	picea negra
Other name	abete nero (italian); Schwarzfichte (german); sheshekatik (montagnais, Canada)
Trade name

Latin name	Picea pungens Engelm.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	MW MC North America (USA: Idaho to Wyoming, Arizona to New Mexico) int NW MW Eurasia (Iceland to Italy)
North America distribution zone	MW MC
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	hel->sci hyg xer? acid->basi
Use	cl (emblem tree of Colorado and Utah States of USA) ma pl (ornamental) ti
Synonym	Abies menziesii Engelm. non Lindl. Abies menziesii var. parrayana André Picea commutata Horton Picea parryana Sarg. Picea pungens f. glauca Beissn.
English name	blue spruce; blue Colorado spruce; Colorado blue spruce, Colorado spruce, silver spruce (USA)
French name	épicea bleu; épicéa bleu du Colorado; épicéa du Colorado (France); épicéa piquant; épinette bleue, épinette bleue du Colorado, épinette du Colorado, épinette glauque, épinette piquante (Canada)
Spanish name	pino real
Other name	abete del Colorado, abete del Colorado glauco (italian); Blaufichte, Colorado-Fichte (german); el'amerikanskaya kolyuchaya (russian); Stechfichte (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Picea rubens Sarg.
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	ME North America (Canada: Ontario to Nova Scotia; France: St. Pierre and Miquelon; USA: New York to Maine, Tennessee to North Carolina)
North America distribution zone	ME
Height	L
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci hyg->xer calc acid
Use	cl (emblem tree of Nova Scotia Province of Canada) dr ex (dying throughout the Appalachians probably because of pollution) fd fr ma (major source of spruce gum) pl pp (pulp) ti (lumber, musical instruments, containers) ti(ob) (pulp and planks: ships)
Synonym	Picea acutissima (Münchh.) J.G.Jack Picea australis Small Picea nigra var. rubra Engelm. Picea rubra (Du Roi) Link non A.Dietr. Picea rubra (Lam.) Link Pinus mariana rubra Du Roi
English name	red spruce; American red spruce; eastern spruce (USA); he-balsam (Canada, USA); maritime spruce; spruce (Canada); West Virginia spruce; yellow spruce (Canada)
French name	épicéa rouge; épinette jaune; épinette rouge, prusqueur rouge (Canada); sapinette rouge
Spanish name	picea roja
Other name	Amerikanische Rotfichte, Rotfichte (german)
Trade name

Latin name	Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière
Family	Pinaceae
Distribution	NW MW North America (Canada: British Columbia; USA: Alaska, Washington to California) int MW Eurasia (Iceland to Germany)
North America distribution zone	NW MW
Height	G
Foliage	E
Ecology	sci [hel] hyg->[xer] calc acid
Use	cl (emblem tree of Alaska State of USA) dr(ob) (the Bella Coola ate the cambium in the summer only as laxative) fd (some Tsimshian people still eat the spruce cambium today) fd(ob) (the Haida, Kwakiutl, Makah and Quinault in Washington used to harden spruce pitch in cold water and chew it for pleasure like chewing gum, the Haida, Tsimshian and Alaskan Tlingit Indians used to scrape off the slimy cambium layer between the wood and the bark usually in late spring and eat it fresh or dry it into cakes for winter, the Makah in Washington used to eat young spruce shoots raw) ma(ob) (the Nootka on Vancouver Island sometimes tied the boughs on submerged wooden fences to catch herring spawn) pl pp (pulp) ti (boats, construction, gliders, interior joinery, keybord instruments, ladders, musical instruments, musical string, oars, plywood, veneer, rowing sculls, wood aircraft, cabinet work)
Synonym	Abies falcata Raf. Abies menziesii (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl. Picea falcata (Raf.) Suringar Picea menziesii (Douglas ex D.Don) Carrière Picea sitchensis Trautv. & Mey.? Picea sitkaensis Mayr Pinus menziesii Douglas ex D.Don Pinus sitchensis Bong.
English name	Sitka spruce; coast spruce, Menzies spruce; Menzies-spruce (Canada); sequoia silver spruce; silver spruce (USA); tideland spruce (Canada, USA); tidewater spruce (Canada); west coast spruce; western spruce, yellow spruce (USA)
French name	épicéa de Sitka; épicéa sitka; épinette de Sitka (Canada); Sitka
Spanish name	abete di Menzies, abete di Sitka (italian); Sitka-Fichte (german)
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Picramnia Sw.
Family	Simaroubaceae
Distribution
North America distribution zone
Height
Foliage
Ecology
Use
Synonym	Casabitoa Alain Pseudobrasilium Adans. Tariri Aubl.
English name	bitterbush; picramia, picramnia
French name	picramnie
Spanish name
Other name
Trade name

Latin name	Picramnia antidesma Sw.
Family	Simaroubaceae
Distribution	SC SE North America (S Mexico to Panama, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola) NW MW South America (Colombia, Peru)
North America distribution zone	SC SE
Height	S
Foliage
Ecology	xer calc
Use	dr (barkand leaves decoction taken orally for fever, diarrhea and venereal disease)
Synonym	Picramnia antidesma var. normalis Kuntze Picramnia cooperi D.M.Porter Picramnia triandra Stokes Tariri antidesma Baill.
English name	Jamaica bitterbush; bitter, macard bitter (Jamaica); macary bitter (West Indies); mahoe bitter (Jamaica); majoe; Tom Bartein's bush (Jamaica)
French name	picramnie de la Jamaïque
Spanish name	aguedita (Dominican Republic); brasilete bastardo, brasilete falso (Cuba); brasilete jalso; quina (Honduras)
Other name
Trade name